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Male genius is not a “stereotype”

This from the Groniad:

Girls as young as six years old believe that brilliance is a male trait, according research into gender stereotypes.

The US-based study also found that, unlike boys, girls do not believe that achieving good grades in school is related to innate abilities.

Andrei Cimpian, a co-author of the research from New York University, said that the work highlights how even young children can absorb and be influenced by gender stereotypes – such as the idea that brilliance or giftedness is more common in men.

“Because these ideas are present at such an early age, they have so much time to affect the educational trajectories of boys and girls,” he said.

The trouble with this view – perceptions of males being more likely to be geniuses – is that it is not a “stereotype”, a form of false idea.

Quite the contrary, it is true. There are more very smart males than very smart females. It is also true that men are more likely to be savage criminal morons. No accounting of sex differences in intelligence fails to show that the distribution of male intelligence is wider than that of the female, at both ends.

I turn to Charles Murray’s Human Accomplishment, which no person may call himself educated who has not read it. In Chapter twelve “Of dead white males”, Murray writes:

 

One aspect of this male tendency towards extremes seems to apply to cognitive ability. Although the mean IQ of men and women is apparently the same, the variability of male IQ is higher – meaning that more men than women are to be found at both the high and low extremes of IQ. Conjoined with this is evidence that men’s and women’s cognitive repertoires are somewhat different….

The existing circumstantial evidence is already strong enough to have persuaded me that disparities in accomplishment between the sexes are significantly grounded in biological differences, but nothing in this brief rehearsal of the arguments need sway readers who are confident that science will prove me wrong. I close the discussion of sex differences with the point I made at the outset: All we need is a few decades’ patience and we won’t have to argue any more. (pp.289-291)

Finally I would like to quote Charles Murray, writing in the Afterword to The Bell Curve in 1995.

 

A few weeks after the Bell Curve appeared, a reporter said to me that the real message of the book is , “Get serious”. I resisted his comment at first, but now I think he was right. We never quite say it in so many words, but the book’s subtext is that America’s discussion of social policy since the 19670s has been carried on in a never-never land where human beings are easily changed and society can eventually become a Lake Wobegon where all the children are above average. The Bell Curve does indeed imply that it is time to  get serious about how best to accommodate the huge and often intractable individual differences that shape human society. (pp. 574-575)

Today’s rubbish on stereotypes indicates that the getting serious has yet to occur.

The Guardian’s article concluded:

Dame Athene Donald, professor of experimental physics at the University of Cambridge, agreed. “If we are to facilitate a gender-balanced workforce of engineers, mathematicians and physicists in the future it is clear interventions at secondary school just aren’t going to be sufficient,” she said. “Parents, teachers and the media need to work much harder eradicating gender stereotypes in the way they talk about adults to children of all ages.”

To which I say, “Get real, snowflake”. The miracle is always that girls as young as seven see through the bullshit, and have some inkling that very smart boys are really smarter tan they are. Only by the time they have reached university have their minds been sufficiently warped to be fully ideologically ‘correct’.

Women make up about 2.2% of the most important figures in science and the arts. Read Human Accomplishment. Get the facts. It costs less than a good bottle of wine and its value is perpetual.

Cliodynamics and projection of political instability

Peter Urchin is a scientist, author and founder of a new transdisciplinary field of Cliodynamics (from Clio, the muse of history, and dynamics, the study of why things change with time), which uses the tools of complexity science and cultural evolution to study the dynamics of historical empires and modern nation-states. It is the “area of research at the intersection of historical macrosociology, economic history/cliometrics, mathematical modeling of long-term social processes, and the construction and analysis of historical databases.”

In 2010 he stated the following:

Quantitative historical analysis reveals that complex human societies are affected by recurrent — and predictable — waves of political instability (P. Turchin and S. A. Nefedov Secular Cycles Princeton Univ. Press; 2009). In the United States, we have stagnating or declining real wages, a growing gap between rich and poor, overproduction of young graduates with advanced degrees, and exploding public debt. These seemingly disparate social indicators are actually related to each other dynamically. They all experienced turning points during the 1970s. Historically, such developments have served as leading indicators of looming political instability.

Very long ‘secular cycles’ interact with shorter-term processes. In the United States, 50-year instability spikes occurred around 1870, 1920 and 1970, so another could be due around 2020. We are also entering a dip in the so-called Kondratiev wave, which traces 40-60-year economic-growth cycles. This could mean that future recessions will be severe. In addition, the next decade will see a rapid growth in the number of people in their twenties, like the youth bulge that accompanied the turbulence of the 1960s and 1970s. All these cycles look set to peak in the years around 2020.

He has since updated his views.

My research showed that about 40 seemingly disparate (but, according to cliodynamics, related) social indicators experienced turning points during the 1970s. Historically, such developments have served as leading indicators of political turmoil. My model indicated that social instability and political violence would peak in the 2020s…

My model tracks a number of factors. Some reflect the developments that have been noticed and extensively discussed: growing income and wealth inequality, stagnating and even declining well-being of most Americans, growing political fragmentation and governmental dysfunction (see Return of the Oppressed). But most social scientists and political commentators tend to focus on a particular slice of the problem. It’s not broadly appreciated that these developments are all interconnected. Our society is a system in which different parts affect each other, often in unexpected ways.

Furthermore, there is another important development that has been missed by most commentators: the key role of “elite overproduction” in driving waves of political violence, both in historical societies and in our own (see Blame Rich, Overeducated Elites as Our Society Frays). As I wrote three years ago, “Increasing inequality leads not only to the growth of top fortunes; it also results in greater numbers of wealth-holders. The ‘1 percent’ becomes ‘2 percent.’ Or even more. … from 1983 to 2010 the number of American households worth at least $10 million grew to 350,000 from 66,000. Rich Americans tend to be more politically active than the rest of the population. … In technical terms, such a situation is known as ‘elite overproduction.’ … Elite overproduction generally leads to more intra-elite competition that gradually undermines the spirit of cooperation, which is followed by ideological polarization and fragmentation of the political class. This happens because the more contenders there are, the more of them end up on the losing side. A large class of disgruntled elite-wannabes, often well-educated and highly capable, has been denied access to elite positions.”

Yes, Rebel Yell, Trump is the President-elect!

 

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Rebel Yell and I repaired to the Fortress of Solitude yesterday, ostensibly to split some firewood. The evening’s discussion turned to the significance of Trump’s election. These were our thoughts.

  • All media were wrong, massively, and in two ways, as predictors, and as participants in what became the electorate’s massive repudiation of the Democratic candidate.
  • Trump is a temporary window  that allows for push-back against the rising tide of cultural bolshevism and related evils.
  • Clinton promised the continuation and intensification of every current negative tendency: anti-white racialism, gender confusion, global warming catastrophism, war mongering against Russia, pandering to Islam, and so forth.

Changes to be expected include:

Attitudes

  1. A decline in the influence of political correctness, when American society’s leader has so radically broken with it.
  2. A toughening of attitudes towards Islam. (It was related to me this week by a Pakistani Muslim of sound judgment that all of political Pakistan was aware that Hillary diverted her plane during a trip to India in order to lecture the Pakistani military leader on his treatment of an ousted Pakistani civilian prime minister, after a donation on the latter’s behalf had been made to the Clinton Foundation. People from more corrupt cultures are quicker to understand the deep corruption of the Clintons. They have seen how it works for ever. We are just learning the art of bought politicians.)
  3. A toughening of attitudes all around, towards whingers, social justice warriors, and the undeserving, and increased social authorization to speak out against evil.
  4. The consistent media-transmitted disrespect for ordinary people’s concerns, particularly white people’s concerns, will be diminish.

Climate catastrophism

  1. Anthropocentric global warming as a basis of energy policy is toast. Trump correctly sees it as the pretense for a massive takeover of every portion of the economy by organs of state planning, and nothing more. Windmills,  carbon capture, “green” energy, and measures against using fossil fuels will suffer the lingering death they deserve. The parasites who have benefited by income transfers from users  to the producers of subsidized of energy will, alas, not be executed.

Market ideology

  1. There will be a more realistic attitude towards the benefits of markets, and their negative consequences. The idolatry of markets has been repudiated,
  2. It will be realized that, for there to be conservatism, there must be conservatives living to experience it. Thus immigration policy in the United States will be toughened, and its borders defended.

Foreign Policy

  1. The agitation for war against Russia will cease. US involvement in Syria will be coordinated in some measure with Russia’s.
  2. Turkey may become the target of animosity.
  3. Iran will be punched out if it steps out of line.
  4. The US will cease to be anti-British and anti-Brexit.

Health Care

  1. Obamacare will be overturned and a better (somewhat socialized) medical scheme will be installed in its stead. The American insurance market for health is not organized nationally, but on the basis of fifty state-sized mini and micro-markets. Trump may use his majority to assert national jurisdiction over health insurance, and get the necessary economies of scale and levels of competition into health insurance delivery. (The effects of health insurance price rises on the voters has yet to be sufficiently appreciated).

Policing and American blacks

  1. The Ferguson effect will be dissolved. Police will be encouraged once again to enforce the law on black criminality. Trump will not find pseudo-kinship with violent blacks who have been shot by police or citizens. It will be possible to state in public that vastly more American blacks are shot by their fellow blacks than by police, and not be fired for it.

At the end of our discussion, Rebel Yell banged the table, and asked: “Tell me, is Trump, President-elect?” Yes, Rebel Yell, he is.

_______________________

Then came news of the death of Leonard Cohen. We put on his CD “Live in London” and listened to the perfection, and thought about mortality and Cohen’s greatness.

Wristband

wristband

 

There may be a few Republicans who summer on Martha’s Vineyard, but if they do, I am sure they keep their mouths shut. Herewith is an insight into how the American ruling class works, from the pages of the Manchester Guardian. As with all carefully observed insider appreciations, this portrait is beyond caricature. The article is based on the leak of Hillary’s campaign chairman John Podesta’s emails.

This genre of Podesta email, in which people try to arrange jobs for themselves or their kids, points us toward the most fundamental thing we know about the people at the top of this class: their loyalty to one another and the way it overrides everything else. Of course Hillary Clinton staffed her state department with investment bankers and then did speaking engagements for investment banks as soon as she was done at the state department. Of course she appears to think that any kind of bank reform should “come from the industry itself”. And of course no elite bankers were ever prosecuted by the Obama administration. Read these emails and you understand, with a start, that the people at the top tier of American life all know each other. They are all engaged in promoting one another’s careers, constantly.

Everything blurs into everything else in this world. The state department, the banks, Silicon Valley, the nonprofits, the “Global CEO Advisory Firm” that appears to have solicited donations for the Clinton Foundation. Executives here go from foundation to government to thinktank to startup. There are honors. Venture capital. Foundation grants. Endowed chairs. Advanced degrees. For them the door revolves. The friends all succeed. They break every boundary.

But the One Big Boundary remains. Yes, it’s all supposed to be a meritocracy. But if you aren’t part of this happy, prosperous in-group – if you don’t have John Podesta’s email address – you’re out.

The mood is captured by a brilliant song on Paul Simon’s latest CD, “Stranger to Stranger” which features a catchy little tune called “Wristband”. Simon goes out the backstage door for a break and is locked out. He has to go around the front to get into to the theatre where his band is playing, and is stopped by a bouncer six feet eight inches tall in a snappy suit, who says “you have to have a wristband.” It quickly morphs into a much larger message, and prefigures why Trump is close to winning.

I stepped outside the backstage door
To breathe some nicotine
And maybe check my mailbox
See if I can read the screen
Then I heard a click
The stage door lock
I knew just what that meant
I’m gonna have to walk around the block
If I want to get in a…

Wristband, my man
You got to have a wristband
If you don’t have a wristband, my man
You don’t get through the door

Wristband, my man
You got to have a wristband
And if you don’t have a wristband
You don’t get through the door

I can’t explain it
I don’t know why my heart beats like a fist
When I meet some dude with an attitude
Saying, Hey, you can’t do that…or this
And the man was large
A well-dressed 6-foot-8
And he’s acting like St. Peter
Standing guard at the Pearly

Wristband, my man
You’ve got to have a wristband
If you don’t have a wristband
You don’t get through the door

And I said, Wristband?
I don’t need a wristband
My axe is on the bandstand
My band is on the floor

The riots started slowly
With the homeless and the lowly
Then they spread into the heartland
Towns that never get a wristband
Kids that can’t afford the cool brand
Whose anger is a shorthand
For you’ll never get a wristband
And if you don’t have a wristband
Then you can’t get through the door
No, you can’t get through the door
No, you can’t get through the door

© 2016 Words and Music by Paul Simon

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Bacon and eggs

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The basis of any proper breakfast is fats and sugars, with additions of protein and caffeine. Fruits may supply your sugars if you are that way inclined, but  for me, sugar in my coffee serves as well. As for fats, the most obvious source is bacon, which has the added virtue of being a pleasure denied to observant Jews and Muslims. Thus you can enjoy a sense of sinning against political correctness as you chow down on your morning strips of bacon. Bonus!

Unfortunately, the cause of bacon has suffered in recent decades because of the cholesterol scam, in which our health was supposed to have been menaced by animal fats per se, rather than by excessive meat consumption coupled with smoking and inactivity.

Smoking and inactivity will kill you younger than almost any combination of ingested substances: it may even be more deadly in combination than breathing asbestos.

By this time we should be aware that the original cholesterol study was as factually sound as global warming studies are today. Countries whose mortality rates and causes of death that did not conform to the preconceived outcome were excluded. The people measured were survivors of World War 2, many of whom had gone through the war and the Depression. Then they reached post-war prosperity and were dying young of heart attacks. They smoked like chimneys, as people did in those days. On the basis of this pseudo science, where association is causation, a fifty-year-long campaign by the vegetable oil industry was launched, the effect of which is still with us.The American Heart Institute, which lobbies for the cholesterol boogey-man, is funded by the vegetable oil producers.

We are still convinced that animal fats are dangerous to health, even when they are not.

The cholesterol narrative ( a polite word for mularkey) had to be modified, and by now it has been abandoned, even if your physician still clings to it. The story of good and bad cholesterols fighting it out for dominance in your blood stream is  attractive; it allows doctors to bully you into diets for which your body may not well adapted. The Mediterranean diet may well work for people of Mediterranean descent. It does not work for me. A diet rich in meats is appropriate for people who live in countries where the cold requires fires and insulation for many months of the year. A diet without cheap carbohydrates is required for any aboriginal culture that knew only meat, fruit and berries until the coming of the white man. Look at the obesity in Pacific Islanders or Canadian aboriginals, and you can see a problem that a diet normal for some humans is inappropriate for peoples unaccustomed to starches and alcohol. Both drugs and diets vary in their effectiveness according to our biochemical inheritance, which has been shaped by what we have eaten for millennia.

One of the considerable pleasures of a recent visit to Austria, Slovenia and northern Italy was the presence of cold cuts. It is thought perfectly normal to serve a dinner or snack composed of slices of prosciutto, ham, salamis, and cheeses, with maybe a carved carrot for colour. Pickles and horse radish composed the vegetables. Beer and schnapps supplied the alcohol. For this carnivore, it was heavenly. To find an entire food culture that is not obsessed with eating vegetables was a revelation.

Back to bacon in this country. Fat supplies and carries the flavour. One of the effects of the cholesterol scare was the progressive breeding of pigs to have less fat. The effects on Canadian (and American) pigs has been the breeding of dry, largely flavourless pork. To eat pork in Europe was to be reminded that it can be a delicious, flavourful experience. We eat beef with fat, why not pork?

One of the food movements that bears watching is the restoration of the pig to an honoured place in the pantheon of meat. As you have the power as a consumer to summon forth what you want, try exploring the butcheries of the nation for fatter, more tasty pork. A trivial increase in your food spending can have gigantic effects on what is available to eat. The relative abundance of patés, cheeses, local wines, and local breeds of meat can be affected by what you insist upon at the meat counter.

 

pig

 

Alan Turing

 

 

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I have just plowed through Andrew Hodgesdefinitive biography of Alan Turing, the British mathematician who devised the computer, the first application of which was to break the German Enigma codes.

I recommend it, despite its drawbacks.  Hodges writes from a position that is so deeply inside of British culture and assumptions as to be difficult to understand even for an English-speaking outsider. He is a mathematician himself, teaches at a university, and is capable of explaining the science and maths which formed the core of Turing’s concerns. As his website makes clear, he is (or was) an advocate for the  liberation of homosexuality from its ongoing social and former legal prisons.

It is scarcely credible that until the 1970s homosexual acts in Britain were illegal, as they were nearly everywhere else, that is to say, they would get you punished by law for engaging in. Turing himself was prosecuted two years before his suicide in 1954, although it should be clear that his death came a year after his probation period was over.

Two enormous transformations have occurred since the time of Alan Turing. One has been the penetration of computers in every corner of our lives, and the second has been the two sexual revolutions. The use of the plural is deliberate. One was the (hetero)sexual revolution, the other was the homosexual revolution, which in my view came about a decade later. We tend to forget that our mothers and  older sisters were  subject to strict sexual oversight and segregation before the widespread use of the birth control pill. Girls were allowed to attend university, all right, but they tended to be locked away at night in guarded dormitories. The age-old social restrictions on females  vanished like snow in spring once it became possible for them to control their fertility. We take too easily for granted the scale of the transformation since the 1950s.

I think the two revolutions are deeply related events, in that the hetero majority was hardly able to condemn recreational sex for those inclined to same-sex activity when it was beginning to enjoy widespread reproductive, and therefore sexual, liberation for itself.

As for the computer revolution, if you wish to see its effects, look around you. Its transformative  importance does not need to be argued.

Alan Turing was a supreme individualist. He never wanted to join a group, upset society, start a revolution, be important, or be in the public eye. All he wanted was to pursue his intellectual and sexual interests. Turing’s moral compass was very sure, and in the end, he was, by about the age of forty, unable and unwilling to dissimulate further. I am reminded of Solzhenitsyn’s comment that “communism would not last a day if every soviet citizen merely spoke the truth”. You can replace the word “communism” with almost any label you like, and the one I would insert there is “the tyranny of sexual hypocrisy”. Alan Turing’s life  reminds us that we are our own kind of KGB, and I do not see any end of its reach or duration, because we embrace and enforce sexual hypocrisy ourselves.

 

 

Suetonius provides guidance

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When I turned to Drudge Report for the latest on the Hillary versus Trump debacle, I saw the headlines about  Trump laying bare the sordid sexual goings on of the first Clinton President. I was immediately reminded of that astonishing piece of scandalous history: Suetonius’ The Twelve Caesars.

Suetonius wrote the definitive report on the political, familial and sexual goings-on of the first twelve Caesars, the men who held near absolute power over the Empire. Names like Trajan, Nero, and Caligula ought to remind you of the scale of the depravity. One of the early emperors retired to the Isle of Capri, to which he had imported flocks of young children skilled in the arts of satisfying the sexual appetites of a man who had no limits on the capacity to indulge his tastes. Nero organized a gay marriage to one of his hunky German bodyguards, after murdering his mother – and she probably deserved it. The wife of the Emperor Claudius held orgies at the palace while hubby was busy administering the Empire, and all Rome knew of it for years before she was caught and executed with her paramours. Caligula was a very sick puppy. And so forth.

It ought not to surprize us then that the first Clinton president was and is a satyr, that, in his words, his wife has eaten more pussy than he has, or that, according to some reports, Obama is an active bisexual. John F. Kennedy shagged bimbos every day while Jacqueline Kennedy looked the other way, and he also took a large amount of painkillers and other medicines for back pain, thyroid problems, and hidden decrepitude. Lyndon Johnson boasted of his huge penis and shagged his way through Washington. About the only Presidents who behaved themselves while in office were the two Bushes and Jimmy Carter. The elder Bush was the soul of decency and the younger Bush achieved stability only after giving up alcohol and cocaine and taking to Jesus. Nixon was paranoid, alcoholic and possibly tormented by the repression of his homosexual impulses. Conrad Black’s excellent biography of Nixon relates that  the chief functions of Haldemann and Kissinger at times were to protect the American civil service from the drunken ravings of the President, who had holed himself up in the Executive Office with the blinds of his windows closed and stayed there drunk and unshaven for days. And we all know what a ghastly smarmy hypocrite Jimmy Carter was, parading about with his empty suitcase while pretending he carried his own baggage.

With the exception of the Bushes I would not invite any of them for dinner.

And so what?

Would any of our lives pass muster before a full disclosure of our sexual activities on the front pages of the newspaper?

In any age of digital cameras the ability to hide one’s sex life rests entirely on not taking pictures, and not being around digital cameras, which is nearly impossible. After all, when the session with your lover is over, you have to call a taxi to get back to your spouse, and a camera is now a telephone, and keeps track of where you have been.

Perhaps more importantly, the time it takes for sexual innuendo and scandal to be confirmed and written about is getting shorter. Thus the kind of private or tightly held information that used to be spoken about among the political cognoscenti – such as who is gay or not can now reach the tabloids and their Internet equivalents (Drudge report) within weeks or months, or days.

If Suetonius is to be relied upon, and I think he is, there is nothing new in scandalous behaviour. It is that, as America declines, its Presidents are behaving more and more like ….Caesars.

 

Another country you don’t have to worry about

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The statue of Sofia, goddess of wisdom, graces a pylon from which Vladimir Lenin lately perched in the governmental core of the city named after her. She is as hot as she seems, the wreath of glory in her right hand, the crown of power on her brow, and the owl of wisdom on her left arm.

She may not be as amusing as the statue of Darth Vader that replaced a statue of Lenin in Odessa, but she is the most sexually attractive 12 meter tall statue in the world. She looks down on the Bulgarian national assembly. One of the reasons you never hear about Bulgaria is that it is tranquil, and tranquil because well run. Consider the party composition of its national Assembly: a small group of leftists, a large block of centre-rightists,  and three or four brands of populists, xenophobes, and Slavic irredentists.

43rd_national_assembly_of_bulgaria_2014-svg

Only the red circles represent leftist parties, and I gather they are not especially left-wing. Everyone from the purple through dark blue is more conservative, until we reach the yellow, green and grey parties, who or more nationalist and may or may not be loons – I surmise wildly.

The currency is pegged at just about half a Euro, it is a member of NATO, the European Common Market, and its GDP/capita is about $10,000 Canadian.

Its basic political impetus is resistance to the Ottoman Empire. This is the dedication at the Alexandr Nevsky Cathedral in the core of the city.

Alexandr Nevsky Patriarchal Cathedral is a Memorial Church built with the efforts of the whole Bulgarian people in memory of the thousands of Russian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Moldavian, Finnish and Romanian soldiers who, from 1877 to 1878, laid their lives for the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire.

Four hundred years of Ottoman massacres, oppression (look up “devshirme”), and Islam have left their scars. The remaining ten percent of the population who are Islamic are not a problem.

Yes the place has problems: declining population, some corruption, and a wave of emigration before the economy rebounded from communism in the aughts of this century. Yet, despite this, the place is  visibly transforming into a modern society,even as its one leva coin depicts an Orthodox saint.

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Bourgeois Dignity: Why economics can’t explain the modern world

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Deirdre McCloskey is a phenomenal writer, economist, and thinker. Visit her website for an explosion of academic productivity and a highly intelligent viewpoint. We share one thing in common. Both of us have had the gravest doubts that economics as it is usually practiced is capable of explaining much. My friend Oban calls it the anorexic profession: not merely starved, but self starving. Its insights are few, but powerful, but it has become wedded to asking very narrow questions and getting very narrow, if important, insights.

McCloskey breaks the mould. Here is how she begins Bourgeois Dignity: Why Economics Can’t Explain the Modern World (2010) “Sixteen. The magic number is sixteen. The world is on average sixteen times wealthier than it was in 1800.” She finds that the economic discussion fails to comprehend or explain why ‘the largest revolution in human affairs since the invention of agriculture’, as she puts it, has occurred in the past two hundred years. She looks at all the explanations proferred by the economics profession , and finds them inadequate to explain the scale of the transformation from $3 a day world average in 1800 to $48 a day world average (or $147 a day in formerly impoverished Norway).

After demolishing the usual explanations (rule of law, expansion of trade, rise of the middle class – without reference to ideas, war, slavery, imperialism, or population growth) she settles on changed ideas and social attitudes towards innovation.

Changing social ideas, in short, explain the Industrial Revolution. Material and economic factors – such as trade or investment or exploitation or population growth or the inevitable rising of classes or the protections to private property – do not. They were unchanging backgrounds, or they had already happened long before, or they didn’t actually happen at the time they are supposed to have happened, or they were weak, or they were beside the point, or they were consequences of the rhetorical change, or they required the dignity and liberty of ordinary people to have the right effect. And it seems that such material events were not in turn the main causes of the ethical and rhetorical change itself.

Most of the book consists of a careful elimination of the causes usually offered for the Industrial Revolution, and involves naturally a series of disputes with the standard materialistic explanations offered by the economics profession. Many if not most of the economists with whom she disputes  have been at various times her teachers, mentors or students, and on the whole the arguments are kept at the friendly tone with which old friends argue.

I grant that I am inclined to non-materialist explanations. Materialism is the doctrine that there is only matter and its motions, and that mind is an epiphenomenon, as a shadow is to the body for example, and not a primary cause in its own right. Yet anything we know to be important in our own lives has occurred by decisions we have made, that led to actions on our part.

McCloskey argues in this book that the standard sets of explanations for the huge rise in human wealth since 1800 are insufficient, when they are not merely wrong. Bourgeois Dignity is the second of a series of six books she has planned. The next in the series, Bourgeois Equality (2015) is already out. I have already ordered it.

McCloskey is one of those writers who are so enlightening and well argued that you need not fully agree in order to profit from them greatly.

She may think it relevant, but I do not, that she underwent a sex change from man to woman in 1995. More pertinent, in my view, was that she was an atheist and is now an Episcopalian, and was an acolyte of Milton Friedman and now entertains a broader conception of her profession.

 

Elites and Brexit

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There is a strange notion going about, which has only been gathering strength for twenty years or more, that common people do not have a right to be concerned, let alone express concern, for the enormous hidden (to the upper classes) costs of living with aggressively intolerant minorities, of having one’s peace disturbed by the over-privileged spokespeople for those minorities, for the decayed social trust, the increased need to lock your house,  for the inability to enforce social norms – like taking out the garbage in a timely way or keeping the common halls clean – for fear of being accused and taken away to the police station for racist incitement. Not to mention the costs of de-Christianization in terms of tribal/national solidarity, and the increasing atomization of society under the impact of multi-culturalism, and its intolerant legal requirements imposed on the native population. What else? A general contempt for the native working classes and an apparent desire to see them replaced with cheaper foreign workers.

There has been, and continues to be, a stupefaction as to why people are becoming upset, and Marie-Antoinette’s “Qu’ils mangent du gâteau” seems to be a widespread reaction among  the beneficiaries of these changes.

The people have just told the elites to stuff it, and the elites are flabbergasted at their effrontery.